Field Trial - Natural Regeneration of Red Pine Under an Existing Stand through Shelterwood and Gap Thinning Techniques (MNDNR)
Figure 1. The stand in 2017 – a 59 year old red pine plantation with natural regeneration in the understory
Acorns and anchor chain to increase oak regeneration (MN DNR)
Paper Birch Regeneration in a Shelterwood vs Seed-tree Harvest (MN DNR)
Image of the shelterwood harvest observed in this case study
Deer Exclosure Effects on Mesic Oak Forest in St. Croix State Forest (MN DNR)
Deer exclosure fencing with regenerating oak, aspen and birch
Comparing regeneration results from fall and winter two-step oak shelterwood harvests (MN DNR)
Photo of oak retained after shelterwood establishment cut.
Oak Scarification Trials using Good Neighbor Authority (USFS/WDNR)
The Headson scarifier at work.
Vegetation response 30 years after initiating a two-step oak shelterwood in central mesic hardwoods (MN DNR)
Photo of case study site 30 years after a two-step oak shelterwood was initiated. 3 to 5 inch red oak and maple are shown.
Testing mesh caps for deer browse protection on oak seedlings (MN DNR)
Mesh budcap on an oak seedling
Northern Red Oak Shelterwood (Carlton County)
Figure 1. Residual stem density after a shelterwood harvest of a red oak stand that took place in 2013.

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