Deer Exclosure Effects on Mesic Oak Forest in St. Croix State Forest (MN DNR)
Deer exclosure fencing with regenerating oak, aspen and birch
Vegetation response 30 years after initiating a two-step oak shelterwood in central mesic hardwoods (MN DNR)
Photo of case study site 30 years after a two-step oak shelterwood was initiated. 3 to 5 inch red oak and maple are shown.
Multi-aged Northern Hardwood Forest (Aitkin County)
Figure 1. Taken in the summer of 2018, the stand has significant structural diversity, but stand growth is being optimized instead of individual tree growth.